Therefore, we argue for localized solutions for girls of diverse socioeconomic backgrounds in different regions. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Gujarat. The spatial plotting shows that the majority of the vulnerable regions belong to a few states viz. Our three-layer cross-tabulation reveals that poor Scheduled-Tribes girls are the most vulnerable. Compared to Hindus, the likelihood is higher among Muslims but lower among Christian and Sikh children. Compared to the upper castes the probability is higher for the backward castes. The likelihood in urban areas is almost 35% lower than the rural areas. The probability declines at every stage of income quintile from ‘poorest’ to the ‘richest’. Our multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that the likelihood of OOS girls is at least 16% higher than that of boys. We used the unit-level data of 117,115 children (5–17 years). The latest National Sample Survey (2017–18) data provides an opportunity to explore these issues. In India, there are socioeconomic and spatial disparities also. This poses challenges to achieving quality education (SDG 4) and gender equality (SDG 5) by 2030. Despite numerous established benefits of girls’ education, globally large numbers of girls are out-of-school (OOS).
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March 2023
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